Objectives

• Learning and practising the various language skills:59;&#59;&#59;&#59;&#59;&#59;&#59; in Spanish: grammar, speaking and listening, writing and reading comprehension.

•Expansion of vocabulary and acquisition of expressions and idioms.

•Mastery of formal and informal registers.

•Knowledge of cultural aspects necessary for effective communication in Spanish.

•Text composition.

Assessment Criteria

•Class attendance and participation.

•Exercises to be completed in class and at home.

•Continuous assessment tests.

Teaching Methodology

Use of the COMPULSORY textbook and further exploration of topics through material to be provided via the Virtual Campus. Students must bring the textbook to the first class of the course.

David Isa and Amelia Guerrero. Nuevo Prisma. Level B1. Student’s Book, Madrid: Edinumen, 2015. ISBN 978-84-9848-636-0

David Isa and Amelia Guerrero. Nuevo Prisma. Level B1. Workbook, Madrid: Edinumen, 2015. ISBN 9788498486391.

All students who purchase the textbooks via the publisher’s website will receive a 10% discount. How to do this:

1. Go to the website, select the level and the material:

https://edinumen.es/metodos-jovenes-y-adultos/nuevo-prisma

2. Once you have selected the books, at the checkout, enter the following promotional code: UAX2022NPB1B2C1

•Support with audiovisual materials.

•Oral presentations by students.

Course Content

Introduction

To be

Revision of past tenses

Simple future

Simple conditional

Present subjunctive

Expressing agreement and disagreement

Imperative

Giving advice or recommendations

Prepositions

Expressing wishes and requests

To like, to love, to annoy

Expressing feelings

Time clauses

Causal clauses

Expressing thanks and apologies

Independent clauses

Expressing certainty

Past perfect subjunctive

By and for

Final clauses

Verbal periphrases

Prerequisites

•International students whose mother tongue is not Spanish.

Requirements

•International students whose mother tongue is not Spanish.

Assessment

•To pass the module, students have the following options:

–Continuous assessment: students must sit ALL the tests forming part of the continuous assessment, and the total score obtained in these tests must be 5 or above (to achieve this, it is ESSENTIAL to attain the minimum mark set for tests 2 and 3). To be eligible for continuous assessment, students must not exceed 20 per cent of unexcused absences during the term.

Continuous assessment (100%)

-Test 1 (20 per cent): listening comprehension and reading comprehension

-Test 2 (40 per cent): speaking

MINIMUM MARK: 5

-Test 3 (40 per cent): grammatical competence and written expression

MINIMUM MARK: 5

If a student does not achieve a mark of 5 or fails to sit any of the tests, they must sit the oral and written examinations in the ordinary examination session. Furthermore, students with more than 20 per cent of absences will lose their right to continuous assessment and must sit the examination in the ordinary examination session.

–Regular examination session (students who have not passed the continuous assessment, have not taken all the tests or have exceeded 20 per cent absence)

Final written exam (60%)

MINIMUM MARK: 5

Final oral examination (40 per cent)

MINIMUM MARK: 5

–Supplementary examination (students who failed the ordinary examination)

Final written exam (60%)

MINIMUM MARK: 5

Final oral exam (40%)

MINIMUM MARK: 5

Objectives

The overall objective of this module is to integrate information relating to the field of immunology into the pre-university veterinary degree programme. To this end, the module has been structured into three thematic blocks, the objectives of which are:

- To familiarise students with the constituent elements of the immune system and their interaction in the development of an immune response.

- To acquire an understanding of the molecular and cellular basis of the most significant immunological disorders in the animal world.

- To analyse the most effective methods of prevention (passive immunisation, vaccines) and treatment (immunomodulation) of diseases.

Assessment Criteria

Overall mark for the standard assessment period:

- The final mark for the module, obtained through continuous assessment, is calculated as follows:

Theory exams: two mid-term exams (a mark above 5 is required to pass), which account for a total of 65% of the final mark (each theory exam represents 50% of the theory mark)

Seminar mark: 30% of the final mark: 15% group research project, 15% continuous assessment exercises, 5% attendance. Students must achieve at least a 4 in the theory component for the continuous assessment to count.

- January ordinary examination session: if a student has not passed the module in any of the mid-term exams, they must sit the January ordinary examination to be assessed on the parts not yet passed.

- Supplementary examination: Students who have not passed the ordinary examination must sit an examination covering the theory sections they failed.

Teaching Methodology

The course is divided into two parts:

Lectures: During the lectures, the theoretical content of the course syllabus will be taught (see next section). Audiovisual aids will be used during the lectures, including various programmes (Microsoft Office, video-playing software, Wooclap).

Seminars:

During this part of the module, students will be divided into working groups, where they will develop a topic related to the module. These projects will be presented to the rest of the students.

Course Schedule Contents

PHYSIOLOGY OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE

Topic 1 INTRODUCTION TO IMMUNOLOGY. Basic concepts in immunology. The concepts of antigenicity, immunogenicity and specificity. Cells and tissues of the immune system. Innate immunity: phagocytes and the complement system. Adaptive immunity: lymphocytes.

Topic 2 COMPOSITION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM. Cells that make up the immune system: cells responsible for innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Organs that make up the immune system: primary and secondary. Fundamentals of the immune response.

Topics 3 and 4 THE INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE. Characteristics of the innate immune response. Key components of the innate immune response: phagocytes and the complement system. Characteristics and function of phagocytic cells. Characteristics and activation mechanisms of the complement system: classical pathway, alternative pathway, lectin pathway. Functions of the complement system. Regulation of the complement system. Inflammatory response: characteristics, components and function within the innate immune response. The concept of opsonisation.

Topic 5 HISTOCOMPATIBILITY MOLECULES. Types of histocompatibility antigens: Class I and II. Structure of MHC molecules. Tissue expression of MHC molecules. Genetic characteristics: organisation and polymorphism. Function: the concept of MHC restriction. Processing of exogenous and endogenous antigens.

Topic 6 B AND T LYMPHOCYTES AND THEIR ANTIGEN RECEPTORS. Origin and development: phenotypic changes during development. Phenotype: antigen receptors of T and B lymphocytes and other differentiation markers. Generation of BCR and TCR receptors: mechanisms of rearrangement and expression of antigen receptor genes. Differentiation: negative and positive selection of lymphocytes. Function of T and B lymphocytes.

Topic 7 ANTIBODIES AND THEIR RECEPTORS. Structure of antibodies: type and function of the different domains. Structural variations of the immunoglobulin molecule: isotypes, allotypes and idiotypes. Classes of immunoglobulins: function, characteristics and distribution of each class. Antibody synthesis: generation of diversity in the antibody repertoire. Immunoglobulin receptors: structure and function.

Topic 8 LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION AND THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE. Recognition and effector mechanisms of adaptive immunity. T-lymphocyte activation. Activation signals for B-lymphocytes: generation of plasma cells and memory cells. Superantigens. Cellular immunity: types and development of cytotoxicity: the role of T-lymphocytes and NK cells. Apoptosis. Leukocyte trafficking.

Topic 9 CYTOKINES AND CHEMOKINES. The concept of cytokines. The effect of cytokines on the activation of the innate and adaptive immune responses. Classification of cytokines and the function of the different families. The concept of chemokines and chemotactic attraction. The role of chemotaxis in the development of the immune response. The role of chemotaxis in the development of immune-related diseases.

IMMUNOPATHOLOGY: CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BASES

Topic 10 IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION: AUTOIMMUNITY. The concept of immune tolerance. Acquisition of self-tolerance. The concept of autoimmunity: general characteristics. Types of autoimmunity. Animal models.

Topic 11 IMMUNE EXCESSES: HYPERSENSITIVITIES. Hypersensitivity. Concept and classification. Immediate hypersensitivity (Type I). Concept of anaphylaxis and atopic allergy. Type II hypersensitivity: antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. Type III hypersensitivity: immune complex formation and the Arthus reaction. Type IV hypersensitivity: delayed-type hypersensitivity.

Topic 12. IMMUNISATION AND DISEASE CONTROL: PASSIVE IMMUNISATION AND VACCINES. Concept and characteristics of passive immunisation. Production of therapeutic antisera. Preparation, storage and administration of antisera. Concept of a vaccine. Nature of vaccines. Bacterial and toxin vaccines. Autovaccines. Adjuvants. Preparation, evaluation and control of vaccines. Viral vaccines. Live attenuated vaccines. Methods of attenuation. Production and control of live vaccines. Potency and safety. Inactivated vaccines. Production and methods of inactivation. New-generation vaccines: synthetic vaccines and DNA vaccines

Prerequisites

Knowledge of biology at A-level.

Requirements

A minimum attendance rate of 80% is required to be marked for the attendance component.

Assessment

There will be two mid-term exams (30-question multiple-choice tests). The exam dates are scheduled for 13 November 2023 (1st mid-term) and 18 December 2023 (2nd mid-term). These exams will take place during lecture time, and a mark of 5 or above is required to pass. Students who have passed these mid-term exams will not be required to sit the exam for the section they have already passed in the January examination session.

In addition, students must prepare a research project to be presented in class and complete homework assignments as part of their continuous assessment.

Assessment Criteria

To pass this module, you must:

1. Have achieved a minimum mark of 5 in the theory exams.

2. Achieve a mark of five or above by adding together the percentages set out below:

a) Theoretical content examination: 80% of the final mark (Knowledge acquisition: written examination).

b) Course activities: 20% of the final mark (literature review assignments, oral presentations, practical case studies, in-class tests, attendance,

participation and collaboration in class).

Course Schedule

DAY 1-> Topic 1: Introduction and history of microbiology

DAY 2-> Topic 2: The microbial world

DAY 2-> Topic 3.1: Bacterial structure I

DAY 3-> Topic 3.2: Bacterial structure II

DAY 3, DAY 4 -> Topic 4: Bacterial physiology I

DAY 4-> Topic 5: Bacterial physiology II

DAY 5-> Topic 6: Disinfection and sterilisation

DAY 6-> Topic 7.a: Bacterial genetics (overview)

DAY 6-> Topic 7.b: Genetic Variability in Bacteria

DAY 7 -> FIRST CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT EXAM. Topic 8: Antimicrobials I (definition and classification)

DAY 7, DAY 8-> Topic 9: Antimicrobials II (mechanisms of action)

DAY 8-> Topic 10: Antimicrobials III (susceptibility and resistance; mechanisms of resistance: basis for the use of antimicrobials)

DAY 9-> Topic 11: Host-parasite relationship

DAY 9, DAY 10-> Topic 12: Determinants of pathogenic action

DAY 11->Topic 13: General virology

DAY 12>Topic 14: General mycology

DAY 13->Topic 15: Prions

DAY 14->Topic 16: Parasites

DAY 15-> SECOND CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT EXAM