Objectives
- To identify, integrate and relate the concepts of health and care from a historical perspective, in order to understand the evolution of nursing care.
- To understand and apply the theoretical and methodological foundations and principles of nursing.
- To understand how an individual’s behaviour interacts with their gender, group or community, within their social and multicultural context.
- To base nursing interventions on scientific evidence and available resources.
Prerequisites
No prior knowledge is required.
Learning outcomes
RK10.- Identify, integrate and relate the concepts of health and care from a historical perspective, in order to understand the evolution of nursing care.
RK11.- Understand, from an ontological and epistemological perspective, the evolution of the core concepts that shape the discipline of nursing, as well as the most relevant theoretical models, applying the scientific method to the care process and developing the corresponding care plans.
RK24.— Understand and apply the theoretical and methodological foundations and principles of nursing.
Course description
1. Introduction to the health humanities and the history of care.
2. Historical and historiographical conceptualisation: methodology and the study of historical sources.
3. Human evolution. Health and illness in prehistoric societies: nomadism and sedentary lifestyles: the origins of care.
4. The culture of care in the earliest civilisations of the Ancient World: Mesopotamia and Egypt.
5. The art of care in Classical Antiquity: Greece and Rome.
6. The Middle Ages and the institutionalisation of care: the development of hospitals. A theocentric view of health: epidemics as divine punishment. The two empires in which classical knowledge survived: the Islamic and Byzantine empires.
8. The Scientific Revolution and its influence on care. The discovery of human anatomy. Care in the Modern Age. Protestant Europe and its impact on care. The Counter-Reformation and the Golden Age of Nursing: the first nursing treatises.
9. Health policy in the Age of Enlightenment: The Enlightenment and care.
10. Nursing in the contemporary era. Florence Nightingale: St Thomas’s School.
11. The professionalisation of nursing in Spain. Foundation of the School of St Elizabeth of Hungary.
12. The institutionalisation of nursing in Spain: Access to university and the emergence of nursing specialisms.
13. The scientific approach to nursing: Nursing science
14. Nursing paradigms: Concepts of the nursing metaparadigm: person, environment, health and nursing.
15. Schools of nursing thought and theoretical models of nursing.
16. Comprehensive framework for the development of nursing diagnoses (NANDA), patient outcomes (NOC) and nursing interventions (NIC).
Training activities
P1. Lectures: Presentation of the historical, conceptual and epistemological foundations of nursing, covering the evolution of care, the professionalisation of the discipline, paradigms and theoretical models, and the nursing process. 40 hours (40 face-to-face).
P2. Interactive classes: Analysis and discussion of historical sources, key events and nursing models, linking the evolution of the concept of health and care with the development of the discipline and nursing practice. 20 hours (20 face-to-face).
P5. Independent study, case or problem-solving, and literature reviews: Study and consolidation of course content, analysis of care cases and situations, and research into scientific evidence on nursing models and theories, as well as on the application of the nursing process and the NANDA, NOC and NIC taxonomies. 81 hours (0 face-to-face).
P6. Tutoring: Guidance and monitoring of learning, clarification of queries and support in integrating the historical, theoretical and methodological foundations of nursing and their application to the care process. 5 hours (5 face-to-face).
P7. Knowledge assessments: Assessment of knowledge regarding the historical development of care, the theoretical and methodological foundations of nursing, nursing paradigms and models, and the care planning process. 4 hours (4 face-to-face).
Total: 150 hours (69 face-to-face / 81 distance learning).
Assessment system and criteria
AS1.- Practical activities (30%)
SE2. Final knowledge assessments (70%)
REGULAR
SE2. Theoretical exam (70%)
The mid-term self-assessment test will not exempt students from the module.
The exam will consist of multiple-choice questions with four answer options, of which only one will be correct. Incorrect answers will be penalised by deducting one third (33.33 per cent) of the mark for that question.
SE1. Practical Activities – Seminars (30%)
Solving case studies during seminars.
A minimum attendance of 70 per cent of lectures and 70 per cent of seminars is required to maintain continuous assessment. Only two types of absence are not counted: those covered by an approved exemption, in accordance with its terms and duration, and those due to illness supported by documentary evidence, provided the Programme Coordinator issues a favourable report (REA, Art. 3.2.b.ii). Absences for other reasons (death of a family member, public duty, work without authorisation, sporting competition or an examination for another module) must be reported to the Programme Director for assessment. Until a decision has been made, the absence will continue to count as a missed session.
The final mark will be calculated as the weighted sum of the SE1 and SE2 components. To calculate this sum, a minimum score of 5 out of 10 must be obtained in SE2 and 5 out of 10 in SE1. To pass, the weighted final mark, truncated to one decimal place, must be 5.0 out of 10 or higher.
To check that the minimum requirement for SE1 has been met, the average mark for all the clinical cases covered in the seminars will first be truncated to one decimal place, without rounding. The resulting average must be 5.0 out of 10 or higher. For example, an average of 4.98 will be truncated to 4.9 and will not meet the minimum requirement. No minimum mark is required for each individual clinical case. A seminar not attended counts as 0.
If SE2 is below 5.0, the module is failed in the ordinary examination session.
If the continuous assessment is failed or the practical component is not passed (SE1 below 5), SE1 will not be counted towards the mark and the module can only be passed by sitting the theoretical examination, which requires a minimum of 7.2 (0.70 × 7.2 = 5.04), and retains the weighting published in the course handbook.
Students who miss a seminar and have been granted an exemption or have a justified absence must complete the assignment and submit it within the deadlines set by the course tutor.
In both the ordinary and supplementary examination sessions, the final mark will be truncated to one decimal place, with any subsequent decimal places removed without rounding.
SUPPLEMENTARY EXAM
The examination will consist of two parts, and each student will sit the relevant part (or both):
Theoretical part (SE2, 70 per cent): a multiple-choice test, under the same conditions as the ordinary examination session.
Practical part (SE1, 30%): solving practical case studies, equivalent to the ordinary examination session.
The mark is the weighted sum of the components (SE1 and SE2). To combine both components, students must achieve a minimum score of 5 out of 10 in the SE2 section and 5 out of 10 in SE1.
The mark for the part passed in the standard assessment period (SE2 with 5.0 or above; SE1 with 5.0 or above) will be retained, even if the student failed the continuous assessment or did not sit the standard exam. In such cases, the SE1 activities completed by the student will be taken into account. Students sit only the part they have not passed, unless they submit a written waiver of the mark for a part they have passed; if they waive it, the new mark replaces the previous one, even if it is lower. The same minimum requirements and the same formula apply as in the ordinary assessment.
To pass, the final weighted mark, rounded to one decimal place, must be 5.0 out of 10 or higher.
Students who did not complete any activities or sit the exam during the standard examination period must complete both parts.
Addendum
TEACHING METHODOLOGY
- Lecture.
The teaching staff act as the primary conveyors of the content and serve as intermediaries between the subject matter and the students. This includes both presentations by the lecturer on the fundamental theoretical aspects necessary for understanding the subject, and the students’ reflective and investigative participation.
- Case study method.
An intensive and comprehensive analysis of a real or hypothetical, yet plausible, situation, with the aim of understanding it, interpreting it, resolving it, generating hypotheses, cross-checking data, reflecting on it, expanding knowledge, diagnosing it and, on occasions, practising possible alternative solutions. It enables the practical application of the theoretical knowledge acquired and a collective discussion of each situation.
- Problem-based learning.
Focused on carrying out a project or professional intervention programme that seeks to resolve real, complex situations or problems using methodologies from the real working environment. Students apply the skills and knowledge they have acquired to carry out the project. It involves making decisions between different alternatives and producing a piece of work from their own perspective.
- Simulation environments.
These enable students to tackle complex situations in a way that would be very difficult or even impossible in reality. Digital environments allow students to learn through virtualisation and to apply various key skills within them that are essential for real-life performance.