Master's Degree in Neurophysiotherapy

Objectives

To work as part of a multidisciplinary team

Analysing, synthesising and making decisions through clinical cases

Solve problems and adapt to new situations, both individually and as a team.

Search for information in the scientific literature using appropriate channels and integrate this information to propose and

put an experimental and research protocol into context.

Understand the different strategies offered by the patient–therapist relationship.

CG6. – Identify and apply the principles of quality assurance in professional practice, whilst being aware of the legal and

ethical aspects involved in the practice of the profession.

Apply various advanced techniques to achieve optimal results.

Possess and understand knowledge that provides a basis or opportunity for originality in the development and/or application of

ideas, often within a research context

Students should be able to apply the knowledge they have acquired and their problem-solving skills in

new or unfamiliar settings within broader (or multidisciplinary) contexts related to their field of study

Students should be able to integrate knowledge and tackle the complexity of forming judgements based on

information which, whilst incomplete or limited, includes reflections on the social and ethical responsibilities associated with the

application of their knowledge and judgements

Students should be able to communicate their conclusions and the underlying knowledge and rationale to

specialist and non-specialist audiences in a clear and unambiguous manner

Students should possess the learning skills that enable them to continue their studies in a way that will

be largely self-directed or independent

Prerequisites

Degree in physiotherapy

Competencies

To know, identify and understand the various physiological and pathophysiological processes of the central nervous system.

To know, identify and understand the theories of motor control, postural control and motor learning, and their application in

neuro-rehabilitation.

To recognise, understand and identify advances in neuroscience and neurorehabilitation

Carry out an accurate physiotherapy assessment using basic and advanced tools. Plan an appropriate therapeutic intervention

therapeutic intervention

Select the basic physiotherapy techniques most suited to the rehabilitation process for each individual, injury and

of the injury, and to master their application.

Adopt a holistic approach to the patient, both in collaboration with other professionals and across all areas of the

individual, to ensure their successful reintegration into society

To understand, develop and apply skills in the assessment procedures for adult neurological patients

Possess the specific skills to manage self-directed learning based on scientific evidence, acquiring the ability to

critically analyse a scientific article and apply the conclusions drawn from it in clinical practice.

Apply the scientific method when carrying out research projects

Understand current guidelines for the publication of scientific research papers

To understand research methodology in neurophysiotherapy as the foundation of scientific evidence.

Learning outcomes

The student is able to:

· Integrate the knowledge, skills and competences acquired in the other modules of the degree programme, under the supervision of qualified physiotherapists

· Develop the professional competencies that enable them to provide effective physiotherapy care through a holistic approach

· Participate in the assessment of neurological patients, the planning and implementation of the therapeutic approach, and subsequent re-assessment, designing rehabilitation programmes for the various phases of rehabilitation

· Integrate scientific research and evidence-based practice as part of their professional culture

· Apply the principles of health promotion

Description of the content

The clinical placements do not have specific subject-based content, as they build upon, reinforce and complement the content of the other modules within the degree programme. Students will undertake clinical placements in centres

specialising in neurological physiotherapy under the supervision of a qualified physiotherapist. During the placements, students will adopt a holistic therapeutic approach to neurological patients, participating in the processes of assessment, planning and delivery of treatments, as well as the promotion and maintenance of health, whilst distinguishing between the different stages of the process. In addition, they will review the available scientific evidence relating to some of the clinical cases analysed during the placements, subsequently producing a reflective report based on

Training activities

Guided activities:

face-to-face teaching and learning in the

classroom, led by the lecturer and

carried out in groups. They follow a

specific timetable which

requires the in-person supervision of a

teacher and are carried out in groups.

5h

Supervised activities:

teaching and learning activities which, although

can be carried out independently

either inside or outside the classroom, require

supervision and monitoring, on an ad hoc

as and when required, by a teacher.

250h

Independent activities: these are activities in

which the student organises their own time

and effort independently, either

individually or in a group.

43 hours

Assessment system and criteria

The assessment of the activities carried out by the student during the external clinical placements is conducted by the tutors in the departments through which the student has rotated. This assessment will be both formative and summative, aimed at determining the achievement of the competences related to the External Placements module. It will be carried out using a rubric system that takes into account three fundamental aspects of the placements:

- Assessment of general overall aspects (30%)

- Assessment of specific competences acquired (50%)

- Assessment of the proposed synthesis assignment (20%)

Objectives

To learn about advanced active, passive and instrumental techniques in neurological physiotherapy that are supported by the strongest scientific evidence and are tailored to specific, individual treatment plans.

To carry out an assessment using standardised tests

to draw up an appropriate treatment plan

Understand the different phases of the rehabilitation process and set appropriate objectives.

To be able to select the most appropriate therapeutic tool for each specific treatment at each stage of recovery

identify pelvic floor dysfunction and minimise its side effects to facilitate better integration into society CE6.4 sport as a means of social inclusion

Apply the various tests and protocols based on scientific evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of pelvic floor dysfunction in neurological patients

Use sport as a recreational and therapeutic tool to facilitate social integration

Apply the specialism of pelvic floor physiotherapy to patients with neurological conditions

Prerequisites

Degree in physiotherapy

Competencies

• To understand and identify advances in neuroscience and neurorehabilitation

• Carry out an accurate physiotherapy assessment using basic and advanced tools. Plan an appropriate therapeutic intervention

• Select the basic physiotherapy techniques most suited to the rehabilitation process for each individual, injury and stage of recovery, and master their application

• Take a holistic approach to patient care, both in collaboration with other professionals and across all aspects of the individual’s life, to ensure their successful reintegration into society

• To understand, develop and apply skills in the assessment of adult neurological patients

• Understand and apply the various specialisms within physiotherapy relevant to neurological patients (urogynaecological physiotherapy, sports physiotherapy)

• To design a personalised physiotherapy intervention protocol for the various conditions and clinical situations affecting the musculoskeletal system as a result of a neurological injury.

• To acquire advanced training in the functioning of the main neurological services: protocols, resources and procedures.

Learning outcomes

• Understand the different types of pelvic floor dysfunction

• Understand the different diagnostic and treatment techniques, as well as hygiene and preventive measures, in the management of neurological patients with pelvic floor dysfunction

• Understand the sporting adaptations that can be made depending on the type of disability

• Understand the injuries sustained by athletes with disabilities CG6

• To analyse and apply the principles of health promotion for people with disabilities

• To analyse the physical and psychological benefits of different types of physical activity, exercise and sport, whilst identifying any contraindications for people with disabilities

Course content description

1. Adapted sport

BLOCK 1: Disability and sport.

1. Classification of disability.

1.1. Physical disability.

1.2. Sensory disability.

1.3. Cognitive disability.

2. Neurological disability.

2.1. Physiological and biomechanical aspects.

2.2. Deficits associated with neurological injury.

2.3. Most common causes of neurological injury.

SECTION 2: Adapted physical and sporting activity.

1. A historical overview of adapted sport.

2. Quality of life and social inclusion.

3. Terminology of adapted sport.

4. Areas of practice.

SECTION 3: Assessment and classification.

1. Assessment prior to recommending physical activity.

2. Main methods of assessment for adapted physical activity.

3. Types of classification according to adapted physical activity.

SECTION 4: Adapted physical activity in the recreational setting.

1. Description of the recreational setting.

2. Main physical activities for people with neurological disabilities.

3. Adaptations.

4. Organisations.

5. Pool-based practice: adapted aquatic activities and swimming.

6. Adapted padel.

BLOCK 5: Adapted physical activity in a therapeutic setting. (4 hours)

1. Description of the therapeutic setting.

2. Main physical activities for people with neurological disabilities.

3. Adaptations.

4. Organisations.

5. Practical session in the gym.

MODULE 6: Adapted sport in competition.

1. Description of the competitive environment.

2. Main sports for people with neurological disabilities.

3. Adaptations to the rules.

4. Organisations.

5. Playing boccia.

6. Playing football.

Urogynaecological disorders

1. General concepts: anatomical overview, dysfunctions, tests and medical and surgical treatment.

Musculature (layers) and neurophysiology of the pelvic floor

Lumbar-abdominal-pelvic-perineal biomechanics

Urination – dyssynergies

Difference between strength and tone

2. Medical history and physiotherapy assessment.

Medical diagnostic tests

3. Types of incontinence in patients with neurological conditions and their treatment.

Overactive Bladder

Neurogenic Bladder

Enuresis

Understanding electrotherapy and biofeedback, as well as the different types of catheters, and being able to set one’s own parameters

Manual techniques for exercises, massage and stretching

Posterior tibial muscle technique

4. Anorectal dysfunctions: anatomy, tests and medical and surgical treatment

Colonic and rectal physiology and reflexes

Constipation, incontinence, pain, posture, ageing and the menopause.

Anal fissures and haemorrhoids

Assessment

5. Ano-rectal conditions and their treatment using physiotherapy

Biofeedback, electrotherapy, rectal balloon, behavioural therapy

6. Paediatric and male conditions

7. Sexuality in neurological patients

Peyronie’s disease

Vaginismus

Dyspareunia

Perineal hypotonia and vulvar opening

Vulvodynia and chronic pelvic pain

Infections

8. Trends and advanced treatment techniques

NEAS

High-intensity magnetic therapy

Laser

Radiofrequency

Exercise and sport

Peripartum

Ultrasound

Lymphatic drainage

Puncture

Nutrition

Oncological sequelae

3. PAEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY

Assessment of paediatric patients

Neurological scales in paediatrics

Cerebral palsy

Neuromuscular disorders

Treatment of paediatric patients

Training activities

Guided activities: face-to-face teaching and learning activities in the classroom, led by the lecturer and

carried out in groups. They follow a set timetable that requires the face-to-face supervision of a

teacher and are carried out in groups. 19 hours

Supervised activities: teaching and learning activities which, although they may be carried out independently

inside or outside the classroom, require supervision and monitoring, to a greater or lesser extent, by a teacher. 16 hours

Independent activities: these are activities in which students organise their time and effort independently, either

individually or in a group. 37.5 hours

Assessment system and criteria

To assess the ability to resolve different problems or clinical cases, either individually or in groups, during teaching activities, oral, written or computer-based assessments will be used, either individually or in groups, in relation to the competence profile. These will account for between 10%

Presentation of assignments, reports and/or activities, either individually or in groups, in relation to the competence profile. This will account for between 10%

Continuous assessment throughout the course via oral and/or written theoretical and practical tests. This type of assessment will account for a maximum of 30%.

Final theoretical and practical examination covering the content of the entire course. Weighting: 50 per cent.

Bibliography

Essential:

1.-

Paediatric Physiotherapy/

2nd ed. Editorial Médica Panamericana, 2018.

ISBN: 9788491102120

2. Cano de la Cuerda, Roberto

Neurorehabilitation:

1st ed. Editorial Médica Panamericana, 2023.

ISBN: 9788491104070

3. MARIA TORRES LACOMBA and ANTONIO MELDAÑA SANCHEZ

Pelvic Floor Physiotherapy

Panamericana. 2022.

ISBN: 9788491104537

4. Ramirez-Blanco and Kauffman

Female Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation: Evidence-Based Clinical Practice

Panamericana. 2021.

ISBN: 978-849110475

Supplementary:

5.- Carolina Walker Chao

Physiotherapy in Obstetrics and Gynaecology

2nd ed. Elsevier. 2013.

ISBN: 9788445821022

6. F.J. Fernández Rego, G. Torró Ferrero

Physiotherapy in Early Intervention

Panamericana. 2020.

ISBN: 9788491109877

7. Kari Bø, Professor; Bary Berghmans; Siv Mørkved

Evidence-Based Physical Therapy for the Pelvic Floor: Bridging Science and Clinical Practice

Elsevier. 2023.

ISBN: 978-070208308

8. Mijna Hadders-Algra, Kirsten R. Heineman

Infant Motor Profile (IMP)

Panamericana. 2014.

ISBN: 978-841106105

9. MONICA YAMILE PINZON BERNAL and LUISA MATILDE SALAMANCA DUQUE

Functional Neuropaediatric Assessment: Principles and Methods of Application

Panamericana. 2021.

ISBN: 9788491108313

Others:

10.- Caraballo – Campistol – Fernández Rubelino

NEUROPEDIATRICS. PRACTICAL FUNDAMENTALS

Panamericana. 2023.

ISBN: 9789500696968

Objectives

To acquire the specific skills required to manage self-directed learning based on scientific evidence, developing the ability to

critically analyse a scientific article and apply the conclusions drawn from it in clinical practice

To design, carry out and develop a research project, as well as to know how to communicate it (present and defend it)

Prerequisites

A degree in physiotherapy

Competencies

Students will develop critical analysis and research skills in the field of neurological physiotherapy

Students will conduct literature reviews of scientific studies providing evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological conditions

Students will understand the level of scientific evidence underpinning diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in neurological physiotherapy and will know how to apply this

as a basis for developing a clinical approach and for future research projects

Students will be able to prepare a research paper in the format of a scientific journal in the field of neurology

Learning outcomes

Students will acquire the theoretical knowledge necessary to integrate scientific research and evidence-based practice from a critical perspective.

· The student is able to develop skills relating to the search for and organisation of literature, as well as the presentation and communication of their work in a manner appropriate to the scientific community.

· Students learn to apply data analysis and statistical techniques to research in neurological physiotherapy.

· Students demonstrate the ability to use various health sciences databases, select the best available evidence relating to neurological physiotherapy, and manage the information found via search engines

Course content

Throughout this module, students will be taught the following theoretical and practical content: - Introduction to research techniques in Health Sciences (study designs and types). - Physiotherapy based on scientific evidence. - Searching for and retrieving scientific documents in health sciences databases (EBSCO, PUMED, PeDro, OVID and others). - EndNote® reference management software. - Application and development of research methodology. - Descriptive statistics. Research methodology. Types of research

Teaching activities

Guided activities: face-to-face teaching and learning activities in the classroom, led by the lecturer and

carried out in groups. These follow a set timetable and require the face-to-face supervision of a

teacher and are carried out in groups. 9 hours

Supervised activities: teaching and learning activities which, although they may be carried out independently

inside or outside the classroom, require supervision and monitoring, to a greater or lesser extent, by a teacher. 16 hours

Independent activities: these are activities in which students organise their time and effort independently, either

individually or in a group. 37.5 hours

Assessment system and criteria

To assess the ability to resolve different problems or clinical cases, either individually or in groups, during teaching activities, oral, written or computer-based assessments will be used, either individually or in groups, in relation to the competence profile. These will account for between 10%

Presentation of assignments, reports and/or activities, either individually or in groups, in relation to the competence profile. This will account for between 10%

Continuous assessment throughout the course via oral and/or written theoretical and practical tests. This type of assessment will account for a maximum of 30%.

Final theoretical and practical examination covering the content of the entire course. Weighting: 50 per cent.

Bibliography

Core:

1.- Joaquín Moncho Vasallo & Loreto Maciá Soler

Applied Statistics for the Health Sciences

2nd ed. Elsevier. 2021.

ISBN: 9788491137214

2. Josep Maria Argimon Pallàs & Josep Jiménez Villa

Methods of Clinical and Epidemiological Research

5th ed. Elsevier. 2019.

ISBN: 9788491130079

Supplementary:

3.- Adam Bohr and Kaveh Memarzadeh

Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

Elsevier. 2021.

ISBN: 9788413820170

4. Manuel F Jimenez Navarro

Research for Health

Panamericana. 2022.

ISBN: 9788491108337

5. Miguel Ángel Martínez González, Almudena Sánchez Villegas, Estefanía Toledo Atucha and Javier Faulin Fajardo

Biostatistics Made Easy

4th ed. Elsevier. 2020.

ISBN: 9788491134077

6. Ricardo Luis Macchi

An Introduction to Statistics in Health Sciences

Panamericana. 2020.

ISBN: 9789500696357

7. Stephen Polgar, BSc(Hons), MSc, and Shane A. Thomas, DipPubPol, PhD, MAPS

An Introduction to Research in Health Sciences

7th ed. Elsevier. 1970.

ISBN: 9788491138488

Others:

8. Ildefonso Hernández Aguado

Handbook of Epidemiology and Public Health for Undergraduate Students in Health Sciences

3rd ed. Panamericana. 2021.

ISBN: 9788491101734

9.- Juan Carlos Vázquez, Garrido Morale

Research Methods: Foundations of Evidence-Based Clinical Practice

Ovid Technologies. 2012.

ISBN: 9788415419426

10. Richard Henry Chiara Miranda

Biostatistics Applied to the Health Sciences

Formacion Alcalá. 2017.

ISBN: 9788491663317

Objectives

• Students will be able to recognise and identify the different structures of the central nervous system and the relationships between them

• Students will learn about the physiology of the central nervous system

• Students will be able to understand the different circuits of the central nervous system

• Students demonstrate a thorough understanding of these neural circuits and their various practical applications in neurorehabilitation in the event of a neurological condition

• To ensure that, when faced with a neurological deficit, students can identify its location and interpret the examination findings and reports provided to them. In short, to be able to apply topographical diagnosis in neurology

Prerequisites

Degree in Physiotherapy

Competencies

To know, identify and understand the various physiological and pathophysiological processes of the central nervous system.

To know, understand and identify advances in neuroscience and neurorehabilitation

Learning outcomes

- The student is able to recognise and identify the different structures of the central nervous system and the relationships between them

· Students will learn about the physiology of the central nervous system

· Students are able to understand the different circuits of the central nervous system

· Students demonstrate a thorough understanding of these neural circuits and their various practical applications in neurorehabilitation in the context of disease

Course content

1. Basic definitions in neuroanatomy: Macroscopic organisation of the nervous system * Orientation of section planes * Cellular basis and neurochemical organisation * Grey matter and white matter * Spinal cord and peripheral nervous system * Basic organisation of the cerebral cortex

2. Neurotransmitters: Receptors * Neurotransmitters and their bases: Acetylcholine, glutamate, GABA, monoamines (dopamine, serotonin) and neuropeptides * Principles of nerve conduction * Understanding motor and sensory conduction velocities. Concepts of denervation, demyelination and axonopathy

3. The neurological examination as a lesson in neuroanatomy: Neuroanatomy of motor control * Neurophysiology of motor control * Introduction to neuroradiology * Understanding CT and MRI planes and sections

4. Skull, ventricles and meninges: Organisation of the meninges and sinuses * Ventricles and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) communication * Understanding pathology caused by trauma or hydrocephalus

5. Corticospinal Tract and Other Motor Pathways: Motor and sensory cortex and somatotopic organisation * Organisation of the motor system * Lateral corticospinal tract * Overview of the autonomic nervous system * Unilateral weakness or paralysis: face, arm, leg

6. Somatosensory pathways: Main somatosensory pathways * Posterior pathway: medial lemniscus * Anterolateral pathway: spinothalamic tract * The thalamus and its nuclei * Spinal cord and its lesions

7. Nerve roots: Segmental organisation and its relationship with bones, discs, dermatomes and myotomes * Disorders of the nerves, muscles and neuromuscular junction * Back pain and radiculopathies * Simplification: 3 roots in the arm and 3 in the leg

8. Simplified overview of plexuses and peripheral nerves: Anatomy of the brachial and lumbosacral plexuses * 5 nerves to remember in the arm * 3 nerves to remember in the thumb and the intrinsic muscles of the hand * 5 nerves to remember in the leg * Common syndromes * Electromyography and nerve conduction

9. Collateral blood supply to the cerebral hemispheres

10. Visual system: Assessment scales in neurorehabilitation and motor control: - Strength, range of motion and muscle tone - Balance and gait - Dexterity, coordination and manipulation - Upper and lower limb function - Functionality - Health-related quality of life

11. Brainstem: cranial nerves: Anatomical planes of the brainstem * The XII cranial nerve pairs * Organisation and exit points, their relationship with the skull * Examination and lesions

12. Brainstem: Internal structures and vascular collateralisation * Main components of the brainstem * > Cranial nerve nuclei and related structures * > Long veins * > Cerebellar circuits * > Reticular formation and related structures * Vascular collateralisation of the brainstem

13. Cerebellum: Cerebellar lobes, peduncles and deep nuclei * Inputs and outputs of the cerebellar tracts * Vascular supply to the cerebellum

14. Basal ganglia: Afferents and efferents of the basal ganglia * Their relationship with motor functions, cognition and movement * The four major cerebral circuits: * Motor * Oculomotor * Prefrontal and limbic

15. Higher cortical functions: Anatomy of mental states. Principles of localisation and lateralisation * Functions of the dominant and non-dominant hemispheres * Language and common lesions * Non-dominant hemisphere: Attention, hemineglect and visuospatial processing * Frontal lobe: Anatomy, functions, assessment * Visual association cortex: hallucinations * Attention, consciousness and other functional brain networks

16. Biomechanics of gait: Normal gait * Parameters of abnormal gait * Biomechanical analysis of gait * Gait in neurological patients

Training activities

Guided activities: face-to-face teaching and learning activities in the classroom, led by the lecturer and

carried out in groups. They follow a set timetable requiring the in-person supervision of a

teacher and are carried out in groups. 30 hours

Supervised activities: teaching and learning activities which, although they may be carried out independently

inside or outside the classroom, require supervision and monitoring, to a greater or lesser extent, by a teacher. 28 hours

Independent activities: these are activities in which students organise their time and effort independently, either

individually or in a group. 90 hours

Assessment system and criteria

To assess the ability to resolve different problems or clinical cases, either individually or in groups, during teaching activities, oral, written or computer-based assessments will be used, either individually or in groups, in relation to the competence profile. These will account for between 10%

Presentation of assignments, reports and/or activities, either individually or in groups, in line with the competence profile. This will account for between 10%

Continuous assessment throughout the course via oral and/or written theoretical and practical tests. This type of assessment will account for a maximum of 30%.

Final theoretical and practical examination covering the content of the entire course. Weighting: 50 per cent.

Bibliography

Essential:

1.- Alan R. Crossman & David Neary

Neuroanatomy. Text and colour atlas

6th ed. Elsevier. 2019.

ISBN: 9788491135708

2. Bisbe-Santoyo-Segura

Physiotherapy in Neurology

Panamericana. 2019.

ISBN: 9788491105572

Supplementary:

3.- Jahangir Moini, Pirouz Piran

Functional and Clinical Neuroanatomy

Academic Press. 2019.

ISBN: 9780128174258

4.- Joseph Jankovic, John C Mazziotta, MD, PhD, Scott Pomeroy, MD, PhD and Nancy J. Newman, MD

Bradley and Daroff. Clinical Neurology

Elsevier. 2022.

ISBN: 9788413822259

5. Juan Antonio García Porrero Pérez

Human Neuroanatomy

Panamericana. 2020.

ISBN: 9788491107453

Others:

6. Duane E. Haines, Gregory A. Mihailoff

Principles of Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical Applications

5th ed. Elsevier. 2019.

ISBN: 9788491133421

7. Fernando Maestú, Ernesto Pereda and Francisco del Pozo

Functional and Anatomical Connectivity in the Human Brain

Elsevier. 2015.

ISBN: 9788490225257

Objectives

To work as part of a multidisciplinary team

To analyse, synthesise and make decisions based on clinical cases.

Solve problems and adapt to new situations, both individually and as a group.

Understand the different strategies offered by the patient-therapist relationship. Identify and apply the principles of quality assurance in professional practice, whilst being aware of the legal and ethical aspects of professional practice.

Possess and understand knowledge that provides a basis or opportunity for originality in the development and/or application of ideas, often within a research context

Students should be able to apply the knowledge they have acquired and their problem-solving skills in new or unfamiliar environments within broader (or multidisciplinary) contexts related to their field of study

Students should be able to integrate knowledge and address the complexity of making judgements based on information which, whilst incomplete or limited, includes reflections on the social and ethical responsibilities associated with the application of their knowledge and judgements

Students should be able to communicate their conclusions and the underlying knowledge and reasoning to specialist and non-specialist audiences in a clear and unambiguous manner

Prerequisites

Degree in Physiotherapy

Competencies

. To be familiar with the main disorders affecting patients with brain injury in each of the relevant areas. Identification, treatment and involvement in physiotherapy treatment

• Understand the impact of these conditions on physiotherapy practice and the strategies to be employed

• To develop, in collaboration with other professionals, a comprehensive treatment plan for each individual. Teamwork: planning and shared short-, medium- and long-term objectives

Learning Outcomes

The student is able to understand and interpret the various diagnoses across the different areas of treatment for neurological patients and the impact these have on the patient’s life.

• Students are able to understand and develop holistic treatment programmes with the aim of reintegrating the patient into society

• Students are able to understand the basic terminology used in the other disciplines involved in neurological units

• Students will be able to understand the diagnoses made within each discipline and their implications for the physiotherapist’s practice.

Description of the content

Neuropsychology

• Introduction to neuropsychology and cognitive performance in multidisciplinary practice.

• Cognitive processes that affect patient performance:

• Attention

• Processing speed

• Executive functions and social cognition

• Memory

• Perception

• Behavioural problems associated with brain damage

• Conclusions

Speech and Language Therapy

The role of the speech and language therapist

Definition

The speech and language therapist’s role within a multidisciplinary team

Speech and language therapy intervention for neurogenic dysphagia

Definition of dysphagia

Stages of normal swallowing.

Swallowing safety and efficacy.

We identify impairments in the safety and efficiency of swallowing across its different phases.

Volume-viscosity assessment (MECV-V).

Instrumental assessment of dysphagia (swallowing videofluoroscopy, FEES).

Dietary adjustments or alternative feeding methods.

Swallowing techniques and manoeuvres for the rehabilitation of dysphagia.

Vitalstim therapy

Evidence-based practice

Practical sessions: videos, clinical cases.

Speech and language therapy for speech disorders

Definition of dysarthria.

Classification of dysarthria (flaccid, spastic, ataxic, hypotonic, hyperkinetic).

Assessment of dysarthria. Importance of intelligibility.

Intervention methods for dysarthria. Behavioural-speech and language therapy approach.

Intervention objectives: breathing, phonation, resonance, articulation, speech rate, prosody, intelligibility.

Evidence-based practice.

Speech apraxia: definition. Treatment. Differences between dysarthria and apraxia.

Practical session: videos, clinical cases, speech samples.

Speech and language therapy for language disorders

Speech and language therapy for aphasia

Classification of aphasia.

Common types of errors in spoken production: stereotypies, paraphasia, jargon, perseverations, echolalia, circumlocutions, anomia.

Needs of people with aphasia.

General objectives of speech and language therapy.

Evidence-based guide to good practice.

Counterproductive behaviours for people with aphasia.

Techniques to promote communication with aphasiic speakers.

Speech and language therapy intervention for pragmatic disorders.

Speech and language therapy intervention for severe communication impairment (minimal consciousness states).

Practical component: clinical cases, identifying errors in speech samples, videos

Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) system

Communication notebook

Tablet: the Grid 2

Tobii PC Eye

Dichotomous communication systems

Context-based communication boards.

Transdisciplinary work between speech and language therapy and physiotherapy.

Occupational therapy

Occupational Therapy

Person-centred care.

• Occupational performance: areas of focus.

• Activity analysis.

• Clinical reasoning regarding activity: objectives.

• Assessment: GAS scale.

Wheelchairs

• Posture, position and positioning.

• Points to bear in mind:

o Injury.

o Context/environment.

o Functionality.

o Objective(s).

o Cost.

• Wheelchairs:

o Dimensions.

o Types of wheelchairs.

o Types of adaptations.

o Financial assistance from the Community of Madrid.

• Transdisciplinary approach: common short-, medium- and long-term objectives.

Home adaptations and assistive devices.

• Home assessment.

• Home adaptations.

• Assistive devices for the home.

• Functionality: objectives.

• Transdisciplinary approach: common short-, medium- and long-term objectives.

Splints:

• Types of splints.

• When, how and why to use splints.

• Upper and lower limb splints

• Transdisciplinary approach: common short-, medium- and long-term objectives.

Clinical cases:

• Clinical reasoning when fitting a wheelchair.

• Clinical reasoning when carrying out home adaptations and implementing assistive products.

• Clinical reasoning when fitting splints

Training activities

Guided activities: face-to-face teaching and learning activities in the classroom, led by the tutor and

carried out in groups. They follow a set timetable that requires the face-to-face supervision of a

teacher and are carried out in groups. 19 hours

Supervised activities: teaching and learning activities which, although they may be carried out independently

inside or outside the classroom, require supervision and monitoring, to a greater or lesser extent, by a teacher. 16 hours

Independent activities: these are activities in which students organise their own time and effort independently, either

individually or in a group. 37.5 hours

Assessment system and criteria

To assess the ability to resolve different problems or clinical cases, either individually or in groups, during teaching activities, oral, written or computer-based assessments will be used, either individually or in groups, in relation to the competence profile. These will account for between 10%

Presentation of assignments, reports and/or activities, either individually or in groups, in relation to the competency profile. This will account for between 10%

Continuous assessment throughout the course via oral and/or written theoretical and practical tests. This type of assessment will account for a maximum of 30%.

Final theoretical and practical examination covering the content of the entire course. Weighting: 50 per cent.

Bibliography

Essential:

1.-

Physiotherapy in Neurological Rehabilitation. /

3rd ed. Amsterdam, 2013.

ISBN: 9788490223062

2.- Fernando Vázquez Sánchez, Beatriz García López

Manual of Neurology for Occupational Therapy

Panamericana. 2022.

ISBN: 978-841106107

3. Olga Bruna Rabassa, Teresa Roig Rovira, Miguel Puyuelo Sanclemente, Carmen Junqué Plaja and Ángel Ruano Hernández

Neuropsychological Rehabilitation

Elsevier. 2011.

ISBN: 9788445820667

4. Roberto Cano de la Cuerda

Neurorehabilitation: Specific Methods of Assessment and Treatment

Panamericana. 2012.

ISBN: 9788491104070

Supplementary:

5.- Begoña Polonio López, Dulce Mª Romero Ayuso

Occupational therapy applied to acquired brain injury

Panamericana. 2022.

ISBN: 978-849110411

6. Elena Muñoz Marron

Cognitive stimulation and neuropsychological rehabilitation: 145 (Handbooks)

UOC Publishing. 2009.

ISBN: 978-849788862

7. James C. Grotta, Gregory W. Albers, Joseph P. Broderick, Arthur L. Day, Scott E. Kasner, Eng H. Lo, Ralph L. Sacco and Lawrence K.S. Wong

Comprehensive Management of Stroke

Elsevier. 2023.

ISBN: 9788413822754

8.- Jorge Iriarte Franco, Julio Artieda González-Granda

Manual of Clinical Neurophysiology

Panamericana. 2021.

ISBN: 978-849110481

Others:

9. I. Sánchez, A. Ferrero

SERMEF Handbook of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine

Panamericana. 2020.

ISBN: 9788491104933

10.- Juan Carlos Arango Lasprilla

Principles of Neuropsychological Rehabilitation

Manual Moderno. 2021.

ISBN: 9786074488395

Objectives

To apply the concept of neuroplasticity and motor learning as a therapeutic tool.

Carry out a biomechanical analysis, identifying the patient’s primary and secondary problems.

Carry out an assessment using standardised tests

Draw up an appropriate treatment plan

To assess the patient holistically (across all areas of life) and in their individuality

Understand the different phases of the rehabilitation process and set appropriate objectives.

Apply the most appropriate techniques in line with the objectives set. Carry out a holistic analysis and treatment, taking into account other areas of the patient’s life and their impact on physiotherapy treatment

Involve the family and primary carer as integral parts of the rehabilitation process

Understand the philosophy behind the Bobath concept.

Prerequisites

Degree in physiotherapy

Competencies

- Apply the concept of neuroplasticity and motor learning as a therapeutic tool.

-Carry out a biomechanical analysis, identifying the patient’s primary and secondary problems.

-Carry out an assessment using standardised tests

-Develop an appropriate treatment plan

-To analyse the patient holistically (across all areas of life) and in terms of their individuality

-Understand the different phases of the rehabilitation process and set appropriate objectives.

-Apply the most appropriate techniques in line with the objectives set.

CE6.1 Carry out a holistic assessment and treatment, taking into account other areas of the patient’s life and their impact on physiotherapy treatment

CE6.2 Involve the family and primary carer as integral parts of the rehabilitation process

CE8 Understand the philosophy behind the Bobath concept. Learn the techniques and skills associated with this concept

Learning outcomes

- Assess, diagnose, analyse and observe the patient in accordance with the Bobath concept.

- Develop and identify the most appropriate treatment plan in accordance with the Bobath concept

- Analyse the patient’s individual characteristics across all areas that affect them

- Carry out an analysis and propose an appropriate treatment plan for any splints and/or technical aids required

- Carry out a holistic treatment programme involving the patient’s family and wider support network

- Work towards the patient’s reintegration

- Work as part of a multidisciplinary team

- Understand the approach to aquatic therapy for neurological patients

- Assess the neurological patient holistically, including specific treatments for sequelae such as respiratory physiotherapy+

- Learn about Vojta therapy and its application to neurological patients

Course content description

Introduction to the Bobath Concept Course

Clinical reasoning in the Bobath concept

Upper limb and functional activities

Physiotherapy applications based on neuroscience (spasticity, pusher syndrome, painful shoulder, biomechanical, physiological and pathophysiological applications)

Training Activities

Guided activities: face-to-face teaching and learning activities in the classroom, led by the tutor and

carried out in groups. They follow a set timetable and require the in-person supervision of a

teacher and are carried out in groups. 40 hours

Supervised activities: teaching and learning activities which, although they may be carried out independently

either inside or outside the classroom, require supervision and monitoring—to a greater or lesser extent—by a teacher. 56 hours

Independent activities: these are activities in which students organise their time and effort independently, either

individually or in a group. 124 hours

Assessment system and criteria

To assess the ability to resolve different problems or clinical cases, either individually or in groups, during teaching activities, oral, written or computer-based assessments will be used, either individually or in groups, in relation to the competence profile. These will account for between 10%

Presentation of assignments, reports and/or activities, either individually or in groups, in relation to the competency profile. This will account for between 10%

Continuous assessment throughout the course via oral and/or written theoretical and practical tests. This type of assessment will account for a maximum of 30%.

Final theoretical and practical examination covering the content of the entire course. Weighting: 50 per cent.

Bibliography

Core:

1.- Beate Krenek

Respiratory Physiology in Physiotherapy

Elsevier. 2024.

ISBN: 9788413827261

2. BETTINA PAETH ROHLFS

Experiences with the Bobath concept

Panamericana. 2012.

ISBN: 9788498350340

3. Marta Bisbe Gutiérrez

Physiotherapy in Neurology:

Panamericana Medical Publishers, 2018.

ISBN: 9788491105572

4. Cano de la Cuerda, Roberto

Neurorehabilitation:

1st ed. Editorial Médica Panamericana, 2023.

ISBN: 9788491104070

5. Javier Güeita Rodríguez & María Alonso Fraile

Aquatic Therapy: Approaches from Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy

Elsevier. 2021.

ISBN: 9788491135791

6. Marta Bisbe and Carme Santoyo

PHYSIOTHERAPY IN NEUROLOGY.

Panamericana. 2019.

ISBN: 9788491105572

7. Vaclav Vojta

The Discovery of Ideal Motor Skills

Ediciones Morata SL. 2011.

ISBN: 9788471126467

Further reading:

8. Andrew B. Lumb, Caroline R. Thomas, Peter Slinger

Nunn and Lumb, Applied Respiratory Physiology, 9th ed.

Edera. 2022.

ISBN: 9788418706523

Others:

9. Vaclav Vojta, Anegrett Peters

THE VOJTA PRINCIPLE: MUSCULAR GAMES IN REFLEX LOCOMOTION AND MOTOR ONTOGENESIS

Springer-Verlag Iberica. 1999.

ISBN: 9788407001417

Objectives

To provide a neurophysiological basis for motor control as the foundation of neurorestorative processes.

• To provide students with a basic understanding of the role of motor control in the neurorehabilitation process.

• To acquire a basic understanding of the professionals involved, the assessment process, objectives and the design of interventions focused on improving human movement.

• To understand the neurophysiological basis of motor control.

• To understand the forms of learning, the key concepts of motor learning and the variables that affect motor learning.

• To distinguish between recovery processes and motor compensation processes.

• To understand the principles of neuroplasticity in relation to motor control.

• To understand the main theories relating to motor control.

• To understand the main impairments of the motor, sensory and perceptual systems, as well as the cognitive impairments that affect motor control

• Understand the key concepts related to postural control, as well as their importance in standing and walking, and their impact on the ageing process.

• To identify the main therapeutic applications based on theories and models of motor control.

Prerequisites

Degree in Physiotherapy

Competencies

To know, identify and understand the theories of motor control, postural control and motor learning, and their application in neurorehabilitation. - To know, understand and identify advances in neuroscience and neurorehabilitation - To design a personalised physiotherapy intervention protocol for different conditions and clinical situations affecting the musculoskeletal system as a result of a neurological injury

Learning outcomes

• Understand the specific terminology of the subject

• Understand the physiology of motor strategies relating to movement, locomotion, balance and the upper limb

• Understand motor control strategies in older adults

• Understand the pathophysiology of movement disorders

• Carry out a neurological physiotherapy assessment using validated scales

• Understand motor learning strategies and task-oriented therapy, and their practical application

Course content

1. Introduction and general overview

Introductory Background

Neurorehabilitation

Key concepts:

-Multidisciplinary team

-Assessment process

-Setting objectives

-Intervention

2. Neurophysiological basis of

motor control

Neuroanatomy of Motor Control

Neurophysiology of Motor Control

3. Learning, recovery and compensation of motor function

Forms of learning

Motor Learning

Variables Affecting Motor Learning

Recovery versus motor compensation

4. Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity and motor control

5. Foundations of Clinical Methods in Neurorehabilitation

Theories of motor control:

-Reflex Theory

-Hierarchical Theory

-Theories of Motor Programming

-Schmidt’s Schema Theory

-Systems Theory

-Dynamic Action Theory (or Dynamic Systems Theory)

-Parallel Distribution Processing Theory

-Activity-Oriented Theories

-Ecological Theory

6. Postural Control

Definition. Key concepts

Biomechanics of Postural Control

Sitting. Standing. Walking

Postural Control and Ageing

7. Neurological impairment and motor control

Motor system impairments

Sensory and perceptual system impairments

Cognitive impairments

8. Therapeutic applications based on theories and models of motor control

1. Facilitation techniques

2. Modern techniques:

-Task-oriented motor learning

-Restraint-based therapy

-Partial suspension walking on a treadmill

3. New technologies in neurorehabilitation

9. Functional assessment in neurorehabilitation and motor control

Assessment scales in neurorehabilitation and motor control:

-Strength, range of motion and muscle tone

-Balance and gait

- Dexterity, Coordination and Manipulation

-Upper and lower limb function

-Functionality

-Health-related quality of life

Training activities

Guided activities:

face-to-face teaching and learning activities in the

classroom, led by the teacher and

carried out in groups. They follow a

specific timetable which

requires the in-person supervision of a

teacher and are carried out in groups.

30 hours

Supervised activities:

teaching and learning activities which, although

can be carried out independently

either inside or outside the classroom, require

supervision and monitoring, on an ad hoc

as needed, by a teacher.

28 hours

Independent activities: these are activities

which the student organises their time

and effort independently, either

individually or in a group.

90 hours

Assessment system and criteria

To assess the ability to solve different problems or clinical cases, either individually or in groups, during teaching activities, oral, written or computer-based assessments will be used, either individually or in groups, in line with the competence profile. This will account for between 10%

Presentation of assignments, reports and/or activities, either individually or in groups, in line with the competency profile. This will account for between 10%

Continuous assessment throughout the course via oral and/or written theoretical and practical tests. This type of assessment will account for a maximum of 30%.

Final theoretical and practical examination covering the content of the entire course. Weighting: 50 per cent.

Bibliography

Essential:

1.- Cano De La Cuerda, R. — Martínez, R. — Miangolarra, J.

Motor Control and Learning. Fundamentals, Development and Re-education of Human Movement

Panamericana. 2016.

ISBN: 9788491105374

Supplementary:

2.- ANNE SHUMWAY COOK

MOTOR CONTROL: FROM RESEARCH TO CLINICAL PRACTICE

5th ed. Ovid Technologies. 2019.

ISBN: 9788417370855

Objectives

To carry out and understand research work.

To search for information in the scientific literature using appropriate channels and to integrate this information in order to devise and

put an experimental and research protocol into context.

To possess and understand knowledge that provides a basis or opportunity for originality in the development and/or application of

ideas, often within a research context

Students should be able to communicate their conclusions and the underlying knowledge and reasoning to

specialist and non-specialist audiences in a clear and unambiguous manner

Students should possess the learning skills that enable them to continue their studies in a way that will

be largely self-directed or independent.

Prerequisites

A degree in physiotherapy.

In order to defend the Master’s dissertation, it is an essential requirement to have passed all the modules of the Master’s programme

Competencies

- Possess and understand knowledge that provides a basis or opportunity for originality in the development and/or application of ideas, often within a research context.

-Students should be able to communicate their conclusions – and the knowledge and underlying reasoning that support them – to specialist and non-specialist audiences clearly and unambiguously.

- Students must possess the learning skills that enable them to continue their studies in a manner that will be largely self-directed or independent.

-To search for information in the scientific literature using appropriate channels and to integrate this information in order to devise and contextualise an experimental and research protocol.

-To possess the specific skills to manage self-directed learning based on scientific evidence, acquiring the ability to critically analyse a scientific article and apply the conclusions drawn from it in clinical practice.

-To design, carry out and develop a research project, as well as to know how to communicate it (present and defend it).

-Apply the scientific method when carrying out research work.

-To be familiar with current guidelines for the publication of scientific research papers.

-Understand research methodology in physiotherapy as the foundation of scientific evidence.

Learning outcomes

To be able to summarise, in a written piece of work, one of the conditions encountered in clinical practice which necessitates the constant updating of knowledge, integrating this knowledge

based on scientific evidence, presenting case studies that support the technique or procedure carried out and thereby justifying the proposed treatment.

· Be able, in literature review papers, to provide an up-to-date overview of the chosen topic, conducting a retrospective review of the literature to reach the current state of the field and, likewise, to justify the current situation based on scientifically demonstrable facts.

· Be able to present the proposed topic clearly and concisely in public, highlighting relevant conclusions.

Be able to submit the work in writing, using scientific language appropriate to the chosen topic, and to draft the title, abstract and keywords in English for submission, in accordance with the publication guidelines of the journal, course or conference chosen for its dissemination.

Training activities

Independent activities: these are activities in

which the student organises their own time

and effort independently, either

individually or in a group.

143

Assessment system and criteria

The assessment of the activities carried out by the student in the completion of the Master’s final project will be a final summative assessment, aimed at determining the achievement of the subject-related competences (outlined in the previous point), which will take into account: 0–20% participation and engagement in seminars and tutorials, 0–30% written report, 0–45% presentation and defence of the project, 0–5% dissemination and potential for relevant criticism.

The overall mark will take into account, at a minimum, the scientific and technical quality of the Master’s thesis submitted, and the quality of the material submitted.

The assessment of the project will include aspects such as:

• Achievement of the objectives initially set

• The student’s level of independence

• The student’s commitment to the Final Year Project

• Deductive reasoning

• Initiative and creativity

• Research skills

• Technical ability

• Clarity of written expression

Addendum

The Final Year Project (FYP) or Master’s Thesis (MT) must be an unpublished document, for which the student bears full responsibility as the sole author. The use of artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools in its preparation is restricted to auxiliary functions such as grammar checking, the generation of outlines or the search for general information. Any use of AI must be properly cited, specifying the tool used, its specific function and when it was applied. The use of AI to draft substantial content, carry out critical analysis or interpret results compromises the originality and authorship of the work.

Checks for plagiarism and/or the use of AI will be carried out using the tool provided on the virtual campus and will be assessed by the tutor to verify the integrity of the work submitted.

Objectives

. To gain an understanding of advanced active, passive and instrumental neurological physiotherapy techniques with the strongest scientific evidence,

adapted to specific, individualised treatment plans.

To carry out diagnoses, assessments and treatments based on therapeutic exercise.

To carry out assessments, analyses and treatments based on intensive therapy.

To be able to select the most appropriate therapeutic tool for each specific treatment.

To be able to combine all physiotherapy strategies for neurological patients and deliver a specific, individualised treatment.

Understand the use and management of new technologies to promote patient independence

Understand the use and management of technology within the multidisciplinary team

Carry out assessments and treatments in line with intensive care principles

Be able to identify objectives when applying new technologies

Be able to apply new technologies in neurological treatments

To be able to apply myofascial techniques based on scientific evidence

Be able to apply dry needling to neurological patients based on scientific evidence

Be able to apply exercise as a therapeutic tool based on scientific evidence

Prerequisites

Degree in physiotherapy

Competencies

- To know, understand and identify advances in neuroscience and neurorehabilitation

- Carry out an accurate physiotherapy assessment using basic and advanced tools. Plan an appropriate therapeutic intervention

therapeutic

- Select the basic physiotherapy techniques most suited to the rehabilitation process for each individual, injury and

of the injury, and to master their application.

Adopt a holistic approach to patient care, both in collaboration with other professionals and across all areas of the

individual, to ensure their successful reintegration into society

To acquire, develop and apply skills in assessment procedures for adult neurological patients

Design a personalised physiotherapy intervention protocol for the various conditions and clinical situations that

affect the musculoskeletal system as a result of a neurological injury.

To acquire advanced training in the functioning of the main neurological services: treatment protocols, resources and procedures.

Learning outcomes

Students must understand and be able to apply the advanced physiotherapy procedures and techniques used in neurology

· Students must be able to understand, apply and interpret the various assessment tests.

· Students will be able to integrate the application of advanced procedures and techniques with other therapeutic approaches aimed at patient recovery, in line with the intensive care approach

· Students will be able to implement an approach and treatment using virtual systems and robotics

· Students will master basic and advanced myofascial techniques in the management of neurological patients

· Students will acquire the knowledge, skills and analytical ability to apply invasive techniques

· Students will be able to apply therapeutic exercise in accordance with motor control

Course content description

NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN NEUROREHABILITATION

• An introduction to the concept of neurorehabilitation

o Definition

o Traditional concepts

o Limitations

• Neuroplasticity

o Mechanisms of nervous system plasticity

o Types of neuroplasticity

o Therapeutic principles for activating neuroplasticity mechanisms

• New technologies

o Definition

o New technologies in neurorehabilitation

o Requirements and types of devices (robotics, VR, video games, webcam content, LEAP, MYO and apps)

• Emotional and cognitive aspects of therapy based on new technologies

o New technologies and health-related quality of life

o Models of cognitive tasks associated with therapy based on new technologies.

• Robotics applied to neurorehabilitation

o Applications for the upper limb

o Applications in the lower limb

• Mobile applications (apps) in neurorehabilitation

• Practical session 1: designing treatment plans in neurorehabilitation

• Practical Session 2: Technological devices in neurorehabilitation

• Practical session 3: designing treatment plans using standard equipment

• Practical Session 4: Designing treatment plans using new technologies.

• Practical Session 5: Designing treatment plans using apps.

INTENSIVE THERAPIES

1. Introduction to Intensive Therapies (TIN)

Introduction to intensive therapies in neurorehabilitation. Past, present and future.

Scientific evidence in IIT.

2. Assessment:

Justification and rationale for the assessment process in NIC.

Assessments of balance, gait and upper limb function.

3. Treatment

Principles of paediatric neonatal intensive care treatment

Strength training, preparatory activities.

Functional training, adapted training. Environmental enrichment.

MANUAL THERAPY AND THERAPEUTIC EXERCISE:

Specific manual therapy applied in the treatment of muscle tone abnormalities, myofascial restrictions and the resulting loss of alignment in adult patients with acquired brain injury.

Applications to the head, neck, upper trunk and affected upper limb.

Application to the lumbopelvic region and lower limbs

Practical application

DRY NEEDLING IN NEUROLOGICAL PATIENTS

1. MYOFASCIAL PAIN AND THE BASICS OF DRY NEEDLING

- Diagnostic criteria for myofascial trigger points

- Neurophysiology of the myofascial trigger point

- Deep needling: flushing of algogenic substances, mechanical stimulation, local spasm response, entry and exit technique

2. Deep dry needling

- Deep dry needling of the main muscles of the lower limb

- Deep dry needling of the main muscles of the upper limb

- Deep dry needling of the main muscles of the thoracolumbar spine

- Deep dry needling of the main neck muscles

3. Deep dry needling in neurological patients

- Characteristics of neurological patients

- Analysis of neurological patients

- Practical application in neurological patients

Training activities

Guided activities: face-to-face teaching and learning activities in the classroom, led by the teacher and carried out in groups. These follow a set timetable requiring the face-to-face supervision of a teacher and are carried out in groups: 47 hours

Supervised activities: teaching and learning activities which, although they may be carried out independently inside or outside the classroom, require supervision and monitoring, to a greater or lesser extent, by a teacher: 78 hours

Independent activities: these are activities in which students organise their time and effort independently, either individually or in groups: 166 hours

Assessment system and criteria

To assess the ability to resolve different problems or clinical cases, either individually or in groups, during teaching activities, oral, written or computer-based assessments will be used, either individually or in groups, in relation to the competence profile. These will account for 10% of the mark

Presentation of assignments, reports and/or activities, either individually or in groups, in relation to the competence profile. This will account for between 10%

Continuous assessment throughout the course via oral and/or written theoretical and practical tests. This type of assessment will account for a maximum of 30%.

Final theoretical and practical examination covering the content of the entire course. Weighting: 50 per cent.

Bibliography

Core:

1. Colby Kisner

Therapeutic Exercise: Fundamentals and Techniques

Panamericana. 2010.

ISBN: 978-950060096

2. Fermín Valera, Francisco Minaya

Invasive Physiotherapy

2nd ed. Elsevier. 2016.

ISBN: 9788491130994

3. Manuel Albornoz Cabello, Julián Maya Martín

Transcutaneous and Neuromuscular Electrostimulation and Neuromodulation

Elsevier. 2020.

ISBN: 978-849113606

4. Orlando Mayoral, Isabel Salvat

Invasive Physiotherapy for Myofascial Pain Syndrome: A Manual on Dry Needling of Trigger Points

Panamericana. 2021.

ISBN: 978-849110395

5. Roberto Cano de la Cuerda

New Technologies in Neurorehabilitation: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications

Panamericana. 2018.

ISBN: 9788491102397